Urinary Tract Infection - Patient Guide

What is it?

Bacteria get into the bladder and irritate its lining. That causes burning with urination, needing to go often but passing only a little, a feeling of urgency, an ache low in the belly, and sometimes cloudy or bloody urine. UTIs are very common, especially in women.

How is it treated?

• A short course of antibiotics — usually 3 to 5 days. Take every dose.
• You should feel clearly better within 1–2 days of starting.
• Drink plenty of water to flush the bladder.
• Acetaminophen or ibuprofen helps the discomfort. A bladder-numbing pill (phenazopyridine/AZO) can help too — it turns urine bright orange, which is harmless.

How do I prevent the next one?

• Drink water through the day; don't hold urine for long stretches.
• Urinate soon after sex.
• Wipe front to back.
• Cranberry products may help some people who get frequent UTIs — evidence is mixed, but they are safe to try.
• If you get UTIs again and again, tell us — there are prevention options we can prescribe.

When should I call?

• You are not clearly better after 2 days of antibiotics.
• Symptoms come back within a few weeks.
• You see blood in your urine after finishing treatment.