Colds, Coughs & Sinus Infections - Patient Guide

Why no antibiotic?

Nearly all colds, sore throats, coughs, and early sinus infections are caused by viruses. Antibiotics only kill bacteria. Taking one for a virus does nothing for you — but it can cause diarrhea, rashes, and yeast infections, and it teaches bacteria to resist antibiotics when you truly need them later.

What actually helps

• Rest and plenty of fluids.
• Honey for cough (adults and children over age 1) — it beats most cough syrups in studies.
• Saline (salt water) nasal rinse or spray for congestion.
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen for fever, aches, and sore throat.
• A humidifier at night; warm liquids like tea or soup.
• Ask us before using decongestants if you have high blood pressure.

When antibiotics ARE needed

• Strep throat confirmed by a test — not every sore throat.
• Sinus symptoms lasting more than 10 days without improving, or that improve and then get worse again.
• Some ear infections and pneumonia.

When should I call?

• Fever over 100.4°F lasting more than 3–4 days.
• Symptoms lasting more than 10 days, or getting worse after starting to improve.
• Trouble swallowing liquids, ear pain, or shortness of breath with normal activity.
• You have a weak immune system, or you are just not sure — call, we are happy to check.